The “Comparative Prime Number Theory” symposium is one of the highlight events organized by the PIMS-funded Collaborative Research Group (CRG) “L-functions in Analytic Number Theory”. It is a one-week event taking place on the UBC campus in Vancouver, B.C., Canada from June 17–21, 2024. Comparative prime number theory certainly includes prime number races, both classical (Chebyshev's bias) and over number fields and function fields. It also broadly includes the distribution of zeros of L-functions associated with these prime counting functions, including topics related to the Linear Independence hypothesis (LI) on the imaginary parts of those zeros, as well as general oscillations of number-theoretic error terms.