At this Dagstuhl Seminar, we propose to focus on the established and emerging models for fairness in scheduling and resource allocation. The seminar will bring algorithmic scheduling researchers who traditionally consider scheduling and resource allocation to algorithmically optimize efficiency, without fairness considerations, together with researchers who model fairness and consider fairness allocation. The seminar will focus on four complementary themes in fairness and resource allocation. The seminar will bring together researchers working on distinct areas to encourage cross-fertilization among different research directions. Moreover, these themes have sufficient overlap between them that it will be natural for participants to find common research directions.