This school is organized by the IMUVA-Mathematics Research Institute of the University of Valladolid. The main objective is to offer to future and young researchers of distinct branches of mathematics a series of courses at doctorate level on a new field connected to many areas. There will be an introductory course with minimal prerequisites and two courses on recent applications in different areas. The three courses are aimed to be as self-contained as possible in order to make the school attractive to a wide and diverse audience. The target audience is master's students, PhD students and postdocs from all areas of mathematics. Senior researchers interested in learning on this new topic are also welcome. The school is based on 3 courses organized in an exercise-based format (1 hour of lecture + 40 minutes of exercises for each session). We will also give the opportunity to young researchers to present their own work either through a series of short communications or a poster session.