Motivated by theoretical work that pointed to new opportunities, tremendous progress has been made over the past several years in using moiré superlattices formed from two-dimensional materials as a laboratory for the study of quantum materials. This development has opened up an exciting new scientific opening, one in which mathematics and theoretical physics have a very large role to play by identifying moiré systems that are likely to exhibit new or poorly understood electronic phenomena, by inventing mathematical methods that enable testable predictions of physical properties, and by unravelling the meaning of experimental observations.
