The exploration of the cell biological aspects of nervous system development, function, and health continues delivering groundbreaking pieces of information that push forward our understanding of brain function and disease. The dynamics and localization of cellular processes and their plasticity in the face of altered conditions are emerging as key for supporting core properties of the nervous system. In this meeting, we are excited to provide a vital forum for the exchange of cutting-edge research in the broad field of neuronal cell biology, with great attention to novel techniques and emerging views. The 2023 EMBO Cell Biology of the Neuron workshop will focus on the multiple mechanisms that endow neurons with their resilience- keeping them functional for up to many years.