The aim of this symposium is to promote cross-disciplinary understanding and establish a common framework for studies that link energy consumption, muscle function and locomotor mechanics in terrestrial, aerial and aquatic locomotion. The meeting will bring together key innovators working across the traditional boundaries of biomechanics, ecology and physiology to examine multidisciplinary approaches for investigating how animals use energy to power movement. We want speakers to be forward-thinking, even speculative, with an emphasis on novel approaches and questions to address in their field and opportunities for integration across disciplines.