This workshop is a sequel to the ICMS workshop entitled Applied Matrix Positivity, which was held online in July 2021. Its participants will explore connections between three themes: positivity transforms, total positivity & time-frequency analysis, and spatial statistics & machine learning. These have the overarching concept of a positive-definite kernel as a common golden thread. Our aim is to foster new exchanges and collaborations between theoretical and applied groups working on these topics of great current interest. The week-long workshop will consist of a preliminary day of talks devoted to foundational aspects of each theme, followed by three thematic days and concluding with the final day devoted to open discussion and the formulation of problems and plans for future research.