Human microbiota – the collection of microbes living in and on our body – have a significant impact on human health and well-being. They have been associated with numerous diseases, yet we are still far from understanding their role in the context of lifestyle and genetics. Various initiatives are underway around the world to survey the human microbiota at several body sites, characterise them, understand their interactions with the human hosts, elucidate their role in diseases, and design possible therapeutic or dietary interventions. There is a new wave of studies mining the human microbiota for health-relevant bioactive compounds, for characterising specific microbial strains and for cataloguing the human microbiota from all across the globe. This conference will provide plentiful opportunities for researchers to learn about and to connect to important developments in studying the human microbiota.