All international airports in Spain are used for international flights, as well as for local and charter flights.
Spain has an extensive and efficient rail network that connects major cities and regions. High-speed trains like the AVE (Alta Velocidad Española) offer rapid travel between cities such as Madrid, Barcelona, Seville, and Valencia. International train services connect Spain to neighboring countries including France and Portugal. Regional trains provide access to smaller towns and scenic countryside areas.
From Madrid, there are boat trips on the Manzanares River, offering picturesque views of the city's landmarks including the Royal Palace and Almudena Cathedral.
The electricity is 230 V, 50 Hz. Visitors from Japan, the UK, the USA, and other countries should note that Spain uses type C and F plugs. Ensure you have the appropriate adapter for your devices.
The official currency in Spain is the euro (EUR). Major credit cards are accepted in establishments displaying the emblem at the entrance. Currency exchange booths are available at airports, railway stations, travel agencies, banks, and various city locations. Exchange rates may vary. Traveller’s cheques and convertible currency can be exchanged at these facilities. ATMs are widely available for cash withdrawals using credit or debit cards.
Conference organizers generally do not accept liability for personal accidents, loss of belongings, or damage to private property of participants and accompanying persons during the meeting. Participants are advised to arrange for their own health, travel, and property insurance before departure to the conference.
The international code for Spain is +34.
Spain is in the Central European Time Zone (GMT+1). During summer months, clocks are set to GMT+2.
Spain experiences a diverse climate due to its size and geographical features. Coastal areas like Barcelona and Valencia have a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers (June to August) and mild, wet winters (December to February). Inland cities like Madrid have a more continental climate with hot summers and cold winters. The north, including cities like Bilbao and Santiago de Compostela, has a temperate maritime climate with cooler summers and mild, rainy winters. The southern region, including cities like Seville, experiences very hot summers and mild winters.
For the latest weather updates, visit weather.com.
Spain has adopted the customs regulations of the European Union.
Spain is part of the Schengen Area, which includes 26 European countries. For non-Schengen EU, USA, and Canadian citizens, a valid passport is sufficient to enter the country. Citizens of other countries should check whether a visa is needed for entry. On request, the Organizing Committee may issue invitation letters for visa applications. Apply for a visa well in advance if necessary. Please indicate during registration if you need a personal invitation to attend the conference. A visa grants preliminary permission for entry but does not automatically authorize entry to the country.