In recent years, significant advancements have revolutionized the ability to study distinct biological features at the level of individual cells, resulting in profound implications for biology and medicine. These breakthroughs encompass novel microfluidic techniques, molecular advancements in next-generation sequencing, spatial technologies, and the development of computational platforms capable of analyzing large-scale sequencing data. As a result, we can now profile the genome (through DNA sequencing), transcriptome (using RNA sequencing), and epigenome (via ATAC sequencing and DNA methylation sequencing) at the resolution of single cells. This wealth of information has provided unprecedented insights into the biological composition of various cell types, tissues, and even whole organisms.